Modular design of concept of numerical control machine tool

Time:2023-06-13 17:12:57
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source:HOTA CNC Machining

The machine tool is the fundamental equipment of production industry, its technical level affects the development of manufacturing industry directly. Current, the treatment of the modern production workshop that already became industrial developed country to be used generally for numerical control machine tool of the representing with machining center is unit. Develop numerical control machine tool from general accuracy machine tool, it is machine tool leap in transmission and structural respect, suit with this photograph, numerical control machine tool designs a respect to also ask to new design method and theory will coach necessarily in its structure. The structural design of machine tool of contemporary numerical control has a few more the following characteristic: - the function that there are many independences in numerical control machine tool is unit, like slideway, guide screw deputy, cooling, lubricant, drive, control, detect device. This one characteristic makes its suit at modular design method; - the treatment requirement of numerical control machine tool develops to direction of high speed, high accuracy. Structure of requirement machine tool has tall stiffness, high reliability, the structure of each component uses the machine tool, the main contradiction that static character becomes a design; - on the transmission control of numerical control machine tool, replace mechanical gearshift with electric machinery gearshift, replaced with computerized numerical control inside connection drive catenary and profiling will make sure the motion between each axis concerns, make the functional design principle of the machine tool simplifies greatly; - the function of product of changeful requirement machine tool of market competition and market demand strong, function good, cost is low, production cycle is short. The function of the machine tool and function often contradict with cost photograph, and the function of the 75% above of product totle drilling cost and product decides with respect to personal classics in design phase, the quality that should improve a product so through improving a design and function reduce its cost. Modular the important step that devises a technology to solve what this contradicts just about. In the notional design phase of numerical control machine tool, with modular conception construction gives range of products of modular numerical control machine tool, can raise a product to develop rate, answer market demand quickly. The description that model of system of 1 concept design designs to the concept according to Pahl and Beitz, in the concept design phase should design the job clearly above all, pass abstraction, protocol function structure, explore proper action principle and the structural carrier plan that request solution to realize a function. Be aimed at modular numerical control machine tool, the job that designs each phase reachs those who devise plan to form a process to be able to divide for: (1) demand analyses: The functional requirement of user of translate into of demand of fundamental admiral user of the functional model that building a product; (2) function analysis, decompose: Through analysing the motion of the machine tool, chase general function class to decompose the function that it is cent (or child functional) , build the functional structure of numerical control machine tool, produce plan of function of machine tool motion to solve; (3) construction program seeks solution: Adopt < function, structure > the structural carrier that map seeks implementation function, according to the design of athletic allocation, layout, produce the structural distribution program of the machine tool, can have the initial program of machine tool structure, over all dimension at the same time; (4) structure is moved, static stiffness is analysed and optimize; (5) detailed structure is designed; (6) is in base model on the foundation of the design, those who have a machine tool change model design, seriation design, with modular range of products, answer market demand quickly. In fact, products plan of afore-mentioned machine tool does not have apparent end between each phase, repeat of each phase ceaselessly exist in whole design process. The notional design of broad sense included a product each design link before detailed design, layout of the functional design of the product that finish, principle design, appearance and abecedarian structure are designed. The process of the job that designs through analysing idea of numerical control machine tool and experience, what if the graph is shown 1 times,the article builds is modular concept of numerical control machine tool designs systematic model. Cent of this system model is functional region, structure region and evaluation region 3 stature models. (1) function region: Through the function definition, function is analysed, build the functional structure of the machine tool; (2) structure region: Have module structure found; (3) evaluates region: The evaluation designs the actor bad of plan, choice first-rate devises plan. Corresponding design knowledge needs in designing the course that seeks solution, design regulation and algorithmic support, accordingly, want to build design knowledge base, database and graphical library to wait for the foundation that serves as a design. In the systematic model that the notional graph of map of the broad sense in process of 2 concepts design shows 1 times, most crucial process is solved to be begged to the map of structural region from functional region, achieve < function, structure namely > map. The idea that the article advances broad sense map and method will come true modular this one important segment in design of concept of numerical control machine tool. Be in modular in the design, there is map to concern in designing the function of the object to express to evolve into a process to module structure, realize corresponding product function with particular structure namely. Of course, this kind of map is not simple man-to-man correspondence, however the information of functional model is mixed through the operation of maths, physics and notional layer change, the diverge that thinking designs in reflecting a concept to design a process, changeover and wait for character integratedly, for this, can say for broad sense map. Broad sense map has following features: (The concept of map of 1) broad sense has a function not only between requirement and structural carrier one to one correspondence relation, still include a pair many, much righter much much, righter the relation of one, if decompose, gather or constitute map; (The gradual progress process of the mutiple level, grading that 2) designs at the concept accordingly, broad sense map also is statified undertake; (3) adopts the data model that builds functional region and structural region information, applicable maths tool, have the map of diagnostic information; (The definition has on the base that the regular beard of map of 4) broad sense is building model of design object concept. Map needs to design the support of knowledge base, database. The performs flexible to pass to develop a process to machine tool products plan analysis of model of the product in map of 3 broad sense, the process model that builds map of function, structure to seek solution with object-oriented method is shown 2 times like the graph. Module structure seeks solution 3 kinds of models are built in the process. (1) model I, athletic function model: The athletic function layout of the machine tool, the chain that a series of motion form described as unitly. With character orderly group expresses to be: W(m1, m2, o, m3, m4, cp)T, each feed that 4 delegates machine tool can finish M1 ～ move, cp is represented advocate motion, "O " express to secure a base. The permutation of orderly group is corresponding the allocation at athletic function and finished order. Workpiece and the exercise that cutting tool completes part with matrix W, t expresses. (2) model II: Structural composition model expresses position of machine tool structure in this one model with archetypal feature. What archetypal feature place conveys is each part structure external appearance of geometry of connection relation, space and shew dimensional size, its are abstract degree interpose is mixed at functional abstraction layer between structural substance layer. The article is in check is many on the foundation of example of machine tool structure, through describing the main configuration of structural element oversight structure details, induce and abstraction gives an a series of structures that stronger concept conveys ability archetypal feature. Feature of prototype of structure of described as of plan of distribution of machine tool structure assembles: MACHINE={SPF1, SPF2, SPF3, ... , SPF of feature of SPFn} structure prototype organizes specific structural module by the gather of EF of main feature unit, can express to be: SPF=<SID, BOX, ∪ EF, ∪ R> , in type, ∪ EF is diagnostic unit volume, SID is mark date. BOX is its geometry surrounds a box, the compound vector <(X0 that comprises with length vector and coordinate of origin overall situation, y0, z0) , (L, h, w)> expresses, represented the dimensional size that archetypal feature place holds. ∪ R is the related concern rally between diagnostic unit. The information that place of diagnostic unit EF contains is OK described as: EF=<EID, CLASS, MLST, PS8H, EBOX> among them, EID is mark date, CLASS is unit type, CLASS ∈ {MOVE, ROTATE, FIX} , MLST is the gather of functional face; PSH is its correlation graph (image) pressing with a finger; EBOX represents the compound vector <(x0 of diagnostic dimension and position, y0, z0) , (L, h, w)> . Structural feature adopts unit function range is to undertake constructional, functional face attribute includes face type, side position vector. (3) model III, module model: By functional information model, structural information model, assemble information model and administrative information model are integrated and into, if pursue,3 are shown. Functional information model: Reflect the main function information of module, it is the main basis that module is founded and module chooses; Structural information model: The structure of module divides module structure to the correlation between and certain dimensional position description gather and be become each other by what issue one class. Include the measure of the main structure that reflects module and feature; Assemble information model: Those who describe module exterior feature, namely the character of module interface. The interface of module is to judge two module whether combination, build the basis of structural correlation, when having module exchange, what also must assure interface feature is consistent; Run information model: Describe the condition of module, place of record management module must information. What the machine tool arrives from design requirement in the procedure of broad sense map that the measure of process of map of 4 broad sense and method notify 2 times like the graph is modular of structural program generate, experience is the following 3 paces map, 3 kinds of models narrate before implementation evolve, its are specific measure and method are narrated as follows. (1) map I, basis of model of function of motion of design requirement → the design requirement information of the user, through the function the analysis can build the functional structure of the machine tool, build MS={Move1 of market of athletic function target according to functional structure again, move2, ... , moven} , can build workpiece and the mathematical model that cutting tool moves with this. WT -- cutting tool and workpiece pose concern; TRi -- the travel demand of athletic I, (I=1, 2, ... , 6)WT seeks solution by the athletic matrix of workpiece and cutting tool: WT=PWW+PTTW: The athletic matrix of workpiece; T: The athletic matrix of cutting tool; PW, PT: The motion of workpiece and cutting tool changes matrix. Apparent, the motion of cutting tool and workpiece begs eventuate instead a variety of plan. A group of PW, PT correspondence treatment shapes motion distributes the program that reachs sort between cutting tool and workpiece. For example solution of some motion function is: W(RZ, x, y, o, z, cp)T among them: If represent each movement with different symbol, can get model of sports of this machine tool to if the graph is shown 4 times,pursue. (2) map II: Composition of structure of machine tool of → of athletic function model map of this one pace is to want a foundation model %% , beg solution to make structural distribution plan by the organic combination of a series of structure prototype. Found structural composition to need to decide the type of structural prototype and its space surround a box, build the relation matrix "* between diagnostic unit. Once determine each archetypal structure and their space position and size, the structural distribution plan of the machine tool emerged. The measure that experiences in the process has: Take in model I take cutting tool and work between object of node of integrated and opposite motion, take work center to install global coordinate origin, determine the dimensional position of cutting tool acme according to message of cutting tool campaign. Two when abide moves integratedly and form between fixed foundation respectively one-way motion deliver catenary, to node of each motion function, according to its function model (type and child functional collect) example changes the component of corresponding athletic component, the drive that prop up, foundation that prop up and transmission structure feature to wait for model of structural prototype feature, undertake initialization. The information of region of function of the motion when map of this one pace assembles map of aggregate of structural feature unit. The azimuth vector of each interface function face of archetypal structure and attribute are worth set; Build diagnostic unit to center the relation matrix * between each element, judge the possibility of the combination between diagnostic unit at the same time; Each geometry of archetypal structure surrounds set a compound vector, among them of dimension vector delivering direction is the way that from workpiece cutting tool node of integrated and opposite motion chooses to fixed base section. (3) map III: The principle that model of module of → of structure of prototype of machine tool layout establishs according to module, to realize a machine tool the function between each module is mixed structural independent character, should will mutual the structural feature with a close relationship gathers into same module. Feature of model II Central Plains structure is the achieves pair of actual structures abstraction that faces a function, size of the function that its model included structural feature, space and assemble the information such as the relation, r of among them concern rally ∪ can regard a structure as dependency measure a base. Model II Central Plains feature is formed by diagnostic unit gather, the relation REL between the diagnostic unit that the correlation between archetypal feature includes through them comes true. To the relation of different type, found principle ode to represent different relevant rate with different value R according to module. Decide X1 of a correlation coefficient to the relevant degree between archetypal structure SPF1 and SPF2, 2 will express, , k shows a number of the relation. According to the correlation coefficient Xi between archetypal structure, j, can build relevant matrix X, y is one symmetrical matrix, advocate the element on diagonal is set for 0, elemental Xi, two delegates of J are archetypal structural SPFi, between SPFj relevant degree, after matrix is built, use a kind to get together bunch astringent algorithm undertakes handling, expression of gotten new matrix X* is the elemental edge with greater value advocate diagonal gets together the condition of bunch. For example: Translate into X* of relation matrix X: The value of the element in X* gets together bunch is in advocate all round diagonal, can be like the pane of two solid line above then, diagnostic prototype cent is two groups, tectonic two module M1, m2. Pane place surrounds child matrix, form the relation matrix of each structure inside module; The element inside dotted line casing, state the assembly between M1 and M2 concerns, the matrix that dotted line casing surrounds is indicating the interface of module. The plan of machine tool module of generation, assured the close together union between module interior structure, make the interface between module concerns to simplify as far as possible at the same time. The article is based on 5 systems development and design example the graph shows systematic model 1 times, with, microSoftVisuleC++ is development tool, below Windows system platform, accused a machine tool to develop in the light of machining center class number modular structural concept designs a system, the ObjectArx of 2 development interface that passes AutodeskMechanicalDesktop of three-dimensional CAD platform reachs McadAPI, developed the changeover tool that designs plan to be founded to module structure substance from concept of machine tool structure. The example that the system moves if: Basic design asks information is: (Machining center of static pillar horizontal) + (norms work of 630 × 630mm)+ is the greatest X of requirement of tall 500mm)+(motion: 700; Y: 700; Z: 700; RZ: The circumgyrate that circles Z axis moves) + (bear heavy load, move quickly speed is 30 ～ 60m/min, want to undertake) of cutting of high-power, high speed; Through functional analysis and athletic program the tool that seek solution gets feasible plan to be like graph 5a, according to the 2nd kind of plan, if plan of distribution of map machine tool is like 5b, farther, differentiate machine tool structure for 4 module: Lathe bed module, pillar module, workbench module and module of main shaft unit, be like graph 5c, the three-dimensional and hypostatic model of machine tool plan is shown like graph 5d place. CNC Milling CNC Machining